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The aim of the field experiments carried out in the years 2009–2011 was to assess the application of reduced doses of chlorsulfuron on yield and quality parameters of winter triticale semi-dwarf and full-height cultivars. The herbicide effect was evaluated in two cultivars, Grenado and Pizarro. The cultivars were of different plant heights. Chlorsulfuron was applied at the recommended dose (15 g a...
Refuge habitats have a stabilising effect on the entomofauna in the agricultural landscape. The objective of this research was to follow the migrant activity of aphids in two types of refuge habitats: shrubs and roadsides of rural areas. Moericke traps method were used for testing the seasonal activity of aphids. The dynamics of species numbers were assessed, and the phenology of the dominating taxa...
The health state of Ginkgo biloba L. and damage caused by microscopic fungi were evaluated over the 2010–2011 time period, in selected localities of Slovakia and Czechia. The trees were assessed and put into two categories of health. Trees in very good (category 1) or good vitality and health with no or only light damage (category 2). A total of seven species of microscopic fungi were identified from...
Recently, grapevines showing symptoms suggesting the ‘bois noir’ phytoplasma disease were observed in vineyards located in several central provinces of Iran. Polymerase chain reaction assays using phytoplasma universal primer pair P1A/P7A followed by primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 in nested PCR, confirmed the association of phytoplasmas with symptomatic grapevines. The results of RFLP analyses using HpaII,...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether powdered plants of different species namely: peppermint Mentha piperita (L.) (Lamiaceae), wormwood Artemisia absinthium (L.) (Asteraceae), common sage Salvia officinalis (L.) (Lamiaceae), allspice Pimenta dioica (Linnaeus et Merrill) (Myrtaceae) and common garlic Allium sativum (L.) (Amaryllidaceae), added to semolina using concentrations of 1.23, 3...
The insecticidal effects of Eucalyptus dundasii Maiden essential oil was studied on the adults of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Essential oil was obtained by the hydro-distillation method and essential oil composition was analysed by GC-MS. Chemical analysis indicated that 1,8-cineole (54.15%), p-cymene (12.41%),...
Recently, the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was recorded as a new pest on tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) growing in Egypt. The mealybugs specimens were collected from tomato plants in the Qalyoubia governorate during summer season of 2014. The mealybug was identified as P. solenopsis based on the morphological characters and taxonomic key of this...
Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence, and colonisation of grain by Fusarium species on winter wheat grown in organic, integrated, and conventional systems as well as in monoculture, were studied locally in Poland, from 2002 to 2010. Fusarium head blight incidence differed throughout the study years. It was found to occur the most where rainfall was highest and where rainfall was the most prolonged...
The objective of the work reported here was to determine the relationship between herbicide rate and the biodiversity of weed communities in potato cultivated in continuous cropping. A seven-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of 4 metribuzin rates and an uncontrol on weed infestation in successive years of continuous potato cultivation. The following indices were calculated:...
Two formulations containing culture filtrates and conidial suspensions of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, isolated previously from stems of Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola (Kralik) Maire, were experimentally tested for their aphicid activity against the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop. found in Algeria. It was shown that invert emulsions are more effective...
Life table studies are essential tools for understanding population dynamics. The life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on the host plant, Hibiscus syriacus L. were studied under laboratory (25±1°C and relative humidity of 65±5% and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h) and field conditions (23–43°C, and relative humidity of 27–95%). The data were analysed using the...
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a devastating disease which is found worldwide. In Maine, United States (US), we recorded late blight on potato and tomato during the 2006–2009 cropping seasons. From 2006 to 2008, over 90% of the diseased samples were collected in potato fields from northern and central Aroostook County in Northern Maine, US. Then, in 2009, an unprecedented...
Sustaining biodiversity as well as taking advantage of the natural environment’s resistance are the key elements which should be considered when designing integrated plans for the protection of hazelnut groves. An effort has been made in this study to analyse the impact of different soil cultivation methods in hazelnut groves, on the species composition and number of individuals in carabid assemblages...
Serine inhibitors have been described in many plant species and are universal throughout the plant kingdom. Trypsin inhibitors are the most common type. In the present study, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the seed flour extracts of four Egyptian varieties of soybean (Glycine max). The soybean variety, Giza 22, was found to have higher trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory...
The entomopathogenic fungi-like Beauveria bassiana must penetrate via the integument of an insect to reach the hemocoel. Since proteins are the molecules responsible for integument strength in insects, the proteins must synthesise the cuticle degrading proteases which will then enable the proteases to penetrate. It is important to determine the biochemical properties of these proteases so that fungal...
The genus Colletotrichum comprises a number of plant pathogens of major importance which cause anthracnose diseases on a wide range of woody and herbaceous plants worldwide. With the advent of molecular studies, it has been shown that most of the previously known species e.g. C. boninense, C. acutatum, and C. gloeosporioides have been split into several species. In the present study, the identity...
The outcome of the present investigation revealed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) extract strongly interferes with acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) regulated physiological functions in the bioreporter strain, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Extracts of L. sativa also promoted production of virulence factors in plant pathogen, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and significantly increased tissue maceration...
Extensive use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to contamination of fruit harvests and an increased risk of toxic effects on humans. A total of 123 fruit samples harvested in 2012 in the north-eastern region of Poland were analysed for pesticide residues as part of the national monitoring programme, and as part of research commissioned by private customers. Pesticide residues were found in 64...
Trunk diseases are potential threats for the grapevine industry owing to the worldwide incidence and economic impact of the diseases. Several fungal groups are known to be involved in these diseases. In a survey on grapevine trunk diseases in northern Iran, Cytospora isolates were repeatedly recovered from vines showing decline symptoms. The symptoms appeared as pale brown to brown streaks in longitudinal...
The sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux is a major pest in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt. Great efforts have been taken to control the pest. We evaluated the toxicity of four selected neonicotinoids [acetamiprid (20% SP), imidacloprid (20% SL), thiamethoxam (18.6% SC), and thiamethoxam (40% WG)], and one organophosphate pesticide [chlorpyrifos (48% EC)] against P. hypostoma workers. The...
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